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OBJECTIVE： To provide refe rence for improving the performance of drug supply chain and sustainable development of the pharmaceutical industry in China . METHODS ：By collecting literatures and combining with the characteristics of drug supply chain ，the questionnaire was designed with Likert 5 scale. After the questionnaire was tested and modified by 10 experts，a preliminary index system framework was formed. The formal questionnaire was prepared by the questionnaire test method；37 experts were consulted by Delphi method ，the index weight was determined by AHP method ，and the index reliability was tested by statistical analysis method ；finally，a pharmaceutical enterprise was taken as an example to measure the index system. RESULTS ：The positive coefficient of the first round of expert consultation was 100％，and that of the second round was 94.59％；average degree of authority of experts was 0.832 6；expert coordination coefficient of the first round was 0.218 2，and that of the second round was 0.396 5. The green supply chain performance indicator system of the pharmaceutical industry included 6 first-level indicators and 26 second-level indicators ，such as drug greenness ，green marketing ，operation process ，drug quality ， drug safety and drug economy. The consistency ratio of the first-level indexes and all second-level indexes were all less than 0.1， the overall Cronbach ’s α coefficient of the index system was 0.892 1. The measured results of a pharmaceutical enterprise showed that the highest score of the pharmaceutical enterprise was the “drug quality ”index，with an absolute score of 3.962 7；the lowest score was the “drug greenness ”index，with an absolute score of 2.297 9. The green supply chain performance evaluation score was 3.167 8，which was at a medium level. CONCLUSIONS ：The established index system has good reliability and validity ，and is expected to provide reference for the performance evaluation of green supply chain in China ’s pharmaceutical industry.
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Objective@#To build a comprehensive evaluation system for printable and online materials, and provide reference for the compilation and selection of patient education materials.@*Methods@#Taking Suitability Assessment of Materials (SAM) as frame and combined Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool (PEMAT) and CDC Clear Communication Index, we screened indicator of the evaluation system preliminary and all of them have been adjusted with the language habits and social and cultural characteristics of our country. By Delphi method, 15 experts in related fields were selected to conduct 2 rounds of expert consultation to establish the final indicator system. The weights of the different indicators were also analyzed by Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP).@*Results@#The indicator system of printable and online patient education materials was consisted of 7 first-level indicators,28 second-level indicators,84 third-level indicators. The positive coefficients and the authority coefficients of the experts were 100% and 0.87 of the two rounds. The coordination factors of the experts in second-level and third-level were respectively 0.362 and 0.255 for the second round. The top three indicators of the first-level indicators were content (0.271 5), behavioral suggestion (0.190 4), and language expression (0.190 4); the highest-level index weight was scientific content (0.095 7), and the lowest was the use of commonly numbers, correct interpretation of numbers and units′ meaning (0.007 0).@*Conclusion@#The comprehensive evaluation system for printable and online materials is scientific, comprehensive and easy to operate. It can provide reference for medical worker to prepare and select printable and online materials.
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Objective To build a comprehensive evaluation system for printable and online materials, and provide reference for the compilation and selection of patient education materials. Methods Taking Suitability Assessment of Materials (SAM) as frame and combined Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool (PEMAT) and CDC Clear Communication Index, we screened indicator of the evaluation system preliminary and all of them have been adjusted with the language habits and social and cultural characteristics of our country. By Delphi method, 15 experts in related fields were selected to conduct 2 rounds of expert consultation to establish the final indicator system. The weights of the different indicators were also analyzed by Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). Results The indicator system of printable and online patient education materials was consisted of 7 first-level indicators,28 second-level indicators,84 third-level indicators. The positive coefficients and the authority coefficients of the experts were 100% and 0.87 of the two rounds. The coordination factors of the experts in second-level and third-level were respectively 0.362 and 0.255 for the second round. The top three indicators of the first-level indicators were content (0.271 5), behavioral suggestion (0.190 4), and language expression (0.190 4); the highest-level index weight was scientific content (0.095 7), and the lowest was the use of commonly numbers, correct interpretation of numbers and units′meaning (0.007 0). Conclusion The comprehensive evaluation system for printable and online materials is scientific, comprehensive and easy to operate. It can provide reference for medical worker to prepare and select printable and online materials.
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Objective To determine the weight coefficient and optimize the processing technology of decoction pieces of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium (CRP). Methods The contents of narirutin, hesperidin, nobiletin, 3,5,6,7,8,3’,4’-heptamethoxy flavone (HF), and hesperetin were simultaneously determined by HPLC. The weight coefficient of each component was evaluated by CRITIC-AHP (analytic hierarchy process) methods. With composite score as index, Box-Behnken design-response surface methodology was adopted to investigate the effects of water addition, soaking time, and soaking temperature on the quality of the processed products and optimize the processing technology of decoction pieces of CRP. Results Optimal processing parameters were as follows: 33% of water was added to 1 000 g of herbs, soaking time was 64 min, and soaking temperature was 45 ℃. Conclusion The optimized processing technology is simple and feasible, which can provide a reference for the processing of decoction pieces of CRP. The method established to simultaneously determine the contents of five components in decoction pieces of CRP is rapid and reliable for controlling the quality of decoction pieces of CRP.
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Objective Aimed to develop the evaluation system and weight of hospital orientation training.Methods Literature review,Delphi,questionnaire,AHP to develop the evaluation system and determined the weight with Satty's method.Results The evaluation system includes 3 division's 13 items.Conclusions Course content,teaching method,course difficultness and occupational plan ning play the most important role,and should be paid more attention.
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Objective To estabolish a scientific, objective, comprehensive and quantitative combined with qualitative evaluation indicator system for research input-output effeciency, which is applied especially for grade 3 and firt-class hospital in Xinjiang Uygur aotunomous region.Methods We analyzed the research input-output effeciency of one hospital.We performed three time questionaires to 25 experts who come from different fields, by using Delphi method and analytic hierarchy process.Based on screening estimation of experts, we determined the indicators, the weight and the standards of each indicator, the logic consistency of the above were tested, and the model of input-output ratio was set up.Results The response rate of three-time quesitonaires was above 85％.Authority coefficient of estimation indicators from experts was above 0.7.The kandall coefficient of concordace was between 0.179 and 0.442, P＜0.01.We estabolished evaluation indicator system for research input-output effeciency composed of 5 grade Ⅰ indicators, 12 grade Ⅱ indicators and 28 grade Ⅲ indicators.Conclusions This study result is reliable, the index system conform to the industry standard and regional characteristics.In order to improve the hospital performance level, increaseing investment in scientific research should be needed.Combined with scientific research input-output, the management should take measures to optimize the allocation of resources, broaden the way of project application fighting for money, pay attention to personnel training amd form a scientific research team.
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Objective Establish an objective and fair evaluation index system for the implementation effectiveness of the National Major New Drug Development Program of China.Methods Based on literature review and Delphi method,the framework of the evaluation index system was built and analytic hierarchy process was applied to determine the priority of each indicator of the system.The objectiveness and validness of the results were assured by determining expert activeness coefficient,authority coefficient,indicator rationality,and by applying consistency check.Results A targeted and systematic evaluation index system was constructed for the National Major New Drug Development Program,and through expert consultation and analytic hierarchy process,the factor of product result was considered of the highest weight of 39.03％,followed by technical result,theoretical result and organization and management result.The evaluation index system suggested that product result and technical result are two relatively more significant factors to be considered during evaluation.Conclu sion After consultation on expert opinions,the evaluation index system for the National Major New Drug Development Program was constructed with each factor been assigned with a scientific and rational weight,and this will provide a guideline for the decision making of program administrators and evaluation practice.
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O presente trabalho propôs um modelo de avaliação do gerenciamento de RSS em estabelecimentos de saúde, com o uso de indicadores de desempenho. A proposta consistiu em identificar esses indicadores a partir dos dados qualitativos obtidos por entrevistas, cujas respostas foram associadas a escalas numéricas e inseridas no programa Statistica (StatSoft®) para efetuar a análise fatorial (AF). Para isso, foi elaborado um roteiro de entrevista, especialmente preparado com 29 variáveis de observação e aplicado a 98 profissionais da saúde da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Carlos (SP). Os indicadores de desempenho foram submetidos ao julgamento de especialistas para a sua classificação em ordem de importância, com o uso da matriz de avaliação do método AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process). Por fim, foi composto um índice global, que possibilitou a avaliação geral da situação investigada, em uma escala de zero a um, indicando que ações de melhoria para esse gerenciamento devem ser desenvolvidas. Este trabalho foi desenvolvido a fim de estruturar um modelo de avaliação de desempenho por meio da identificação de indicadores qualitativos, auxiliando na eficiência do processo de gerenciamento de resíduos em ambientes de saúde.
This paper proposed a model of evaluation of healthcare waste (HW) management in health establishments by the use of performance indicators. It was structured to identify these indicators by qualitative data obtained from interviews. The answers were associated to a numerical scale and were inserted in Statistica program (StatSoft®) to calculate the factor analysis (FA). A script of interview containing 29 observation variables was especially prepared and applied to 98 health professionals of Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Carlos, São Carlos (SP), Brazil. Performance indicators were evaluated by experts who ordered them in terms of importance using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method. Finally, it was composed a global index that allowed the general evaluation of the analyzed situation, in a scale from zero to one, pointing to the actions of improvement to this management. This paper was developed in order to elaborate a model of performance evaluation by the identification of qualitative indicators, promoting an efficient waste management process in health environment.